Bharata muni evolved ten basic postures of the body, nine of the neck, thirtysix of the hand, and thirteen poses of the headpostures that required the disciplined use of the entire body and. Natya was then taught by god brahma to the mythic sage bharata, who is said to have recorded this teaching in the natyashastra. Besides propounding a theory of three types of acting, bharata discusses in detail the classical indian vocalinstrumental music and dance integral to tamil drama. Bharata muni was clear about what was acceptable as art. The text is attributed to sage bharata muni, and its first complete compilation. Thus, bharata s concept and derivation of rasa was mainly in the context of the drama. Rasa theory blossoms beginning with the sanskrit text natyashastra natya.
Bharata muni analysis will help you with any book or any question. He is dated to between 200 bce and 200 ce, but estimates vary between 500 bce and 500 ce. According to the natyasashatra,the major purpose of the dance,drama,ritual and poetry is catalytic in that aesthetic performance should. Much of the terminology and structure of indian classical music and indian classical dance were defined by it. Many commentaries have expanded the scope of the natya shastra.
Full text of natya shastra of bharata muni volume 1. C, the indian performance theorist and philosopher is credited with the formulation of the ultimate text of performing arts as well the rasa theory and is aptly celebrated as the father of indian performative. In natyashastra by bharata muni, what are the main. Oct 24, 2019 bharata muni natya shastra pdf first chapter. It shapes our aesthetic judgment, understanding, emotion and attitude. Thus, when a dancer, with his or her hand movements, depicts, for example, the opening of a lotus flower, his or her eyes are myni to give different emphases to the gesture. Bharata ascribed a divine origin to drama and considered it to be a fifth veda. According to bharata muni rasa is extracted from the other ten elements of drama.
Rasa theory rasasutra of bharata aesthetics religion. It explains the rasasutra given by bharat muni with its technical terms. The text begins its discussion with a sutra called in indian aesthetics as the rasa sutra rasa is produced from a combination of determinants vibhava, consequents anubhava and transitory states vyabhicaribhava. Jul 25, 2016 it also educates the spectator in observing correct behaviour while watching a performance. My subject was dance drama traditions of kuchipudi, bhagavata mela nataka and kuravanji with special reference to rasa theory as expounded in bharata s natyashastra. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Bharata munis natyashastra navrasa by shiva chopra youtube. Theory of rasa presented by urvi dave class m a semester 2 enrolment no. Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from wikipedia or other free sources online. You know that drama was a very popular form of literary. An introduction to sadharanikaran model of communication. It also deals in the theory of rasa dominant emotional theme.
Traditionally assigned to bharata muni, a legendary sage, natya shastra is one among the famous trio of india, the other two being kautalyas artha shastra and vatsyayanas kama shastra. For centuries, indian dramatists and actors have attempted to decode the visual meaning of theatrical terms as described in the naatyashaastra of bharata muni. Mar 11, 2018 traditionally assigned to bharata muni, a legendary sage, natya shastra is one among the famous trio of india, the other two being kautalyas artha shastra and vatsyayanas kama shastra. Thus, bharatas concept and derivation of rasa was mainly in the context of the drama. The dancedrama source of classical dance is bharata munis natyashastra 1st century bce to 3rd century ce, a comprehensive treatise on the origin and function of natya dramatic art that is also dance, on types of plays, gesture language, acting, miming, theatre architecture, production, makeup, costumes, masks, and various bhavas emotions and.
These arguments, and others, have led to the opinion that the date may lie somewhere between b. Rasa theory rasasutra of bharata view presentation slides online. Bharata muni enunciated the eight rasas in the natyasastra, an ancient work of. The natyasastra and indian cinemaa study of the rasa.
Basically, the natyashastra documents the history behind the development of the arts in india. Bharatas natyashastra some reflections sreenivasaraos. Rasa the academic study is referred to as rasa theory, is an ancient concept of aesthetics discussed in the text, the natyasastra, which dates to approximately the 4 th or 5 th century ce gnoli xiv. Sastra in hindu philosophy refers to the first text or treatise written on any subject scheherazaad 337. Though it is bharata who is credited with having originated the rasa theory it was abhinava upta who developed it into a systematic poetic principle. Bharata muni enunciated the eight rasas in the natyasastra, an ancient work of dramatic theory. Theory of rasa the aesthetic pleasure of hindu theatre is determined by how successful the artist in expressing a particular emotion evoking the rasa encyclopaedia britannica. The natyashastra remained an important text in the fine arts for many centuries.
The basic texts that deal with rasa theory are bharatas natya. C, the indian performance theorist and philosopher, is credited with the formulation of the ultimate text of performing arts as well the rasa theory and is aptly celebrated as the father of indian performative arts. He says only those arts that are worthy, are rasa vishesh. The rasa theory of natyashastra, states daniel meyerdinkgrafe, presumes that bliss. Natyashastra are in part theatrical manual, part philosophy of aesthetics, part. Bharatha muni free download as powerpoint presentation.
The title of the text is composed of two words, na. Rasa is known as aesthetics which itself teaches a lot but the actual rasa. This means that he considers art has no boundaries or any limits. Presentation on bharatha muni,father of indian theatrical arts and musicologist who authored the natya shastra.
Rasa bhaava darshan based on bharata munis natyasastra. The present paper attempts to study the bhavas and rasas as put forth by. From the above definitions we would correlate its present use to emotion. Bharata is considered the father of indian theatrical art forms.
Bharata muni enunciated the eight rasas in the natyasastra, an ancient work of dramatic theory, written during the period between 200 bc and 200 ad. Full text of natya shastra of bharata muni volume 1 see other formats. Rasa theory draws a clear distinction between reallife experience and art experience unordinary. Bharata muni s natyashastra navrasa by shiva chopra.
The realization of rasa is the result of the union of sthaibhavas, vibhavas, anubhavas, and vyabhikaribhavas. Nov 07, 2016 bharata munis natyashastra navrasa by shiva chopra. The text consists of 36 chapters with a cumulative total of poetic verses describing performance arts. Valmikis slokaoverpowered by the intense feeling of pathoskarunarasa of.
In natyashastra by bharata muni, what are the main points. It is believed to have been written by the mythic brahman sage and priest bharata 1st century bce 3rd century ce its many chapters contain detailed treatments of all the diverse arts that are embodied in the. Rasa bhaava darshan, too, attempts to transform text into image, and it brings back into contemporary life the quintessential principles of rasa, rapture and bhaava, sentiment. Jul 04, 2019 besides propounding a theory of three types of acting, bharata discusses in detail the classical indian vocalinstrumental music and dance integral to tamil drama. Rasa theory was mentioned in chapter six of natyashastra written by a hermit known as bharata muni. Bharata classified sanskrit theatrical forms natyamrupaka into ten types, of which drama nataka is one. Jan 24, 2019 the rasa theory has been discussed above only in simplified outlines.
At these words of the sages, bharata continued speaking, and mentioned in reply to their question the distinction between the sentiments and the psychological states. These files are not to be copied or reposted for promotion of any website or individuals or for commercial purpose without permission. Bharatas natyashastra some reflections sreenivasarao. Bharata describes 15 types of drama ranging from one to ten acts. Bharata muni then choreographed a dance drama and performed it in front of lord shiva, who was so impressed with the new idea of using dance for the purpose of education, that he himself has contributed to the dance technique by sharing his dance of distraction to students of bharata muni. In the indian performing arts, a rasa is a sentiment or emotion evoked in each member of the audience by the art. The root of the sanskrit word natya is nat which means act, represent. In production of a play, the rasa, created by the actor in his acting, is enjoyed by the spectator, says sumanash. The rasa theory originates with bharata in natyashastra. It is impossible to reach the entire limit of the art of dance and drama. English literature under bharata munis rasas impression. It also means the taste or flavour of something, and a sentiment or emotion. Pdf rasa theory of bharata international research journal.
The principles for stage design are laid down in some detail. A dance historians notes on how the natyashastra was mastered. These texts are prepared by volunteers and are to be used for personal study and research. It has been suggested that bharata is an acronym for the three syllables. Rasa is a central concept in indian aesthetic theory. Dhvani and rasa rasa theory and dhvani theory are the most important poetic theories of ancient india. Mar 14, 2019 the term shastra sastra denotes a specific category of literature and the word natya na. Pandit vishnu narayan bhatkhande august 10, 1860 september 19, 1936 was an indian. A key text which deals with the emotional theory of rasa is the natyashastra the textbook on drama, attributed to bharata muni some academics believe that it is more likely to be a compilation by several different authors. Our summaries and analyses are written by experts, and your questions are answered by real teachers. Bharata muni enunciated the eight rasas in the natyasastra, an ancient sanskrit text of. Rasa siddhanta is unique to indian aesthetics theory. In order to realize rasa that must possess an adequate degree of intellectual and emotional equipment. And then he said, o sages, i shall tell you in detail and in due order about the digest, the memorial verse and the etymology.
This online edition contains the full english translation of the natyashastra including additional notes, proofread and free to read. Natyshastra is considered as an ancient text on dramaturgy and poetics. The text dedicates significant number of verses on actor training, as did the indian dramaturgy literature that arose in its wake. It is also notable for its aesthetic rasa theory, which asserts that entertainment is a desired effect of performance arts but not the primary goal, and that the primary goal is to transport the individual in the audience into another parallel reality, full of wonder, where he experiences the essence of his own consciousness, and reflects on. This sutra is relevant in the fields of aesthetics. This presentation introduces rasa theory of bharata muni propounded in natyashastra. The word rasa literally means the juice or sap of something. Pdf bharatas rasa sutra and the theory of rasa dhvani. And then he said, o sages, i shall tell you in detail and in due order about. Rasa has many more meanings and is a very complex word.
Bharata muni s natya shastra specific training on gestures and movements for actors, their performance and significance, are discussed in chapters 8 through 12 of the natyashastra. Rasa theory of bharatain vedas, rasa means sap or essenceexperience of the supreme reality. Natyashastra is an analytical text of dramatic performance that categorically characterizes fundamentals such as. Each rasa, according to natyasastra, has a presiding deity and a specific colour. Natya shastra translation volume 1 bharat muni ebook download as pdf file. The sanskrit text natya shastra presents the rasa theory in chapter 6, a text attributed to bharata muni. According to the natyasashatra,the major purpose of the dance,drama,ritual and poetry is catalytic in that aesthetic. Chapters 6 and 7 of the natyashastra present the rasa theory on aesthetics in. Translated from the second revised telugu edition of 1988. Although natyasastra is a work on dance, drama and music, yet in the present context of poetics, it. The term has a variety of meanings among them flavor, taste, juice, and essence, but in aesthetics it is understood to refer to a distinctive type of emotional experience that can be experienced in connection with an artwork. Feb 16, 2015 bharata muni enunciated the eight rasas in the natyasastra, an ancient work of dramatic theory. The concept of aesthetics deals with the sense of beauty and taste.
Also in the next sloka bharata muni again confirms that his sutras aphorisms are limited in number to cover the dramatic depth of the topics of rasa and bhava. Even today a detailed and accurate formulation of the theory of dance enunciated by bharata, as distinct from the theory of drama, music, and poetry is yet to appear. The term shastra sastra denotes a specific category of literature and the word natya na. Defining drama, bharatamuni says, natya is trailokyanukara.
A key text which deals with the emotional theory of rasa is the natyasashastra,attributed to bharata muni. Pdf an introduction to sadharanikaran model of communication. Bharata muni propounded his theory in the natyasastra not only in great detail, but also in great depth. The aura of a frightened person is black, and the aura of an angry person is red. Natyashastra, in full bharata natyashastra, also called natyasastra, detailed treatise and handbook on dramatic art that deals with all aspects of classical sanskrit theatre. Vishnu narayan bhatkhande download ebook pdf, epub. Rasa theory of bharata in vedas, rasa means sap or essenceexperience of the supreme reality. He is dated to between 200 bce and 200 ce, but estimates vary. Although natyasastra is a work on dance, drama and music, yet in the present context of poetics, it is proposed to give an account of the topics of alankarasastra.
476 1259 276 931 108 518 101 973 1429 1386 1379 1103 588 1268 209 310 720 1498 700 584 710 1382 81 688 197 838 450 977 1203 826 1136 1102 1076 1452 1204 439 1374